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Published on: February 23, 2014
Predicting antimicrobial resistance in invasive pneumococcal infections
Otto G Vanderkooi1, Donald E Low, Karen Green
1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Previous antibiotic use and lack of chronic disease increase the risk of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. Identifying these risk factors helps clinicians choose effective treatments for pneumococcal infections.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Increasing global prevalence of multi-antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Need for identifying risk factors for antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal isolates to guide empirical therapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate risk factors associated with antimicrobial resistance in invasive pneumococcal infections.
- To inform clinical decision-making for empirical treatment of pneumococcal infections.
Main Methods:
- Prospective cohort study of invasive pneumococcal infections in Toronto, Canada.
- Univariate and multivariate modeling to assess risk factors for antimicrobial resistance.
Main Results:
- Previous use of penicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), and azithromycin were associated with resistance to these agents.
- Absence of chronic organ system disease was a risk factor for penicillin- and TMP-SMX-resistant pneumococci.
- Nursing home residence and nosocomial acquisition were significant risk factors for fluoroquinolone-resistant pneumococci.
Conclusions:
- Antimicrobial use within 3 months prior to infection is critical for selecting appropriate therapy for Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Nosocomial and nursing home acquisition are key risk factors for fluoroquinolone-resistant pneumococcal infections.
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