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[What is menopause?].

Sophie Ouzounian1, Sophie Christin-Maitre

  • 1Service d'endocrinologie de la reproduction, hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris.

La Revue Du Praticien
|April 15, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Menopause, occurring around age 51, involves genetic factors influencing follicle loss and hormonal shifts, including decreased estrogen and increased FSH. This leads to early symptoms like the climacteric syndrome and later risks of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Gerontology

Context:

  • Menopause is a natural biological transition in women's lives.
  • Characterized by the cessation of ovarian function and hormonal changes.
  • Typically occurs around the average age of 51 years.

Purpose:

  • To describe the physiological changes during menopause.
  • To highlight the hormonal variations and their genetic underpinnings.
  • To outline the early and late clinical manifestations of menopause.

Summary:

  • Menopause involves the natural process of follicle atresia (loss) and reduced ovarian hormone secretion.
  • Key hormonal changes include elevated Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and decreased estrogen levels.
  • Genetic factors contribute to the rate of follicle atresia.

Impact:

  • Understanding menopause pathophysiology is crucial for managing associated symptoms.
  • Hypoestrogenism (low estrogen) contributes to early climacteric syndrome.
  • Long-term hypoestrogenism increases risks for osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases.

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