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Activation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) mononuclear phagocytes by different pathogen associated molecular

Dimitar B Iliev1, Cristina Q Liarte, Simon MacKenzie

  • 1Great Lakes WATER Institute, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, 600 E. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA.

Molecular Immunology
|April 15, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) monocyte-macrophage cells show lower sensitivity to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared to mammals. This suggests fish resistance to endotoxic shock may stem from a lack of serum-borne factors that sensitize mammals to LPS.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Fish Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • The innate immune system's ability to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) is crucial for host defense.
  • Macrophages play a central role in innate immunity by detecting and responding to conserved microbial molecules.
  • Understanding PAMP recognition in fish, like rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), is vital for aquaculture health and disease resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the recognition and response of rainbow trout monocyte-macrophage lineage cells (rtMOCs) to various PAMPs.
  • To compare the sensitivity and response patterns of rtMOCs to those of mammalian macrophages.
  • To investigate the role of serum in modulating rtMOC sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Main Methods:

  • Primary cell cultures of rainbow trout monocyte-macrophage lineage cells (rtMOCs) were established.
  • rtMOCs were stimulated with different PAMPs, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli (EC-LPS) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA-LPS), zymosan, and muramyl dipeptide.
  • The sensitivity and cytokine expression patterns (e.g., TNF2) in response to PAMPs were analyzed, with and without the presence of serum.

Main Results:

  • rtMOCs exhibited lower sensitivity to EC-LPS and PA-LPS compared to mammalian macrophages.
  • Serum presence did not influence rtMOC sensitivity to LPS, suggesting a different mechanism for endotoxic shock resistance in fish.
  • Distinct temporal patterns of cytokine expression were observed: stable expression with EC-LPS and transient expression with PA-LPS, zymosan, and muramyl dipeptide.

Conclusions:

  • Rainbow trout macrophages possess a distinct PAMP recognition system compared to mammals, potentially contributing to their resistance to endotoxic shock.
  • The differential response patterns suggest the involvement of various signaling pathways and receptors in rtMOC recognition of different PAMPs.
  • Further research into fish-specific immune mechanisms can inform strategies for disease prevention and management in aquaculture.

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