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Geriatric pharmacology.

Patricia M Dowling1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada. trishaw.dowling@usask.ca

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|April 19, 2005
PubMed
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Veterinary geriatric patients require careful drug selection and dosage adjustments due to potential organ insufficiency. Monitoring efficacy and toxicity is crucial for safe and effective treatment in senior pets.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Geriatric dogs and cats present unique physiological challenges affecting drug metabolism and excretion.
  • Age-related changes in renal and hepatic function necessitate cautious pharmacotherapy in senior animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide guidelines for drug selection and dosage adjustments in geriatric veterinary patients.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering organ function and pharmacokinetic principles when treating elderly pets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of drug metabolism and excretion pathways in relation to renal and hepatic insufficiency.
  • Consideration of therapeutic drug monitoring and available dosage adjustment guidelines.
  • Application of pharmacokinetic principles, including volume of distribution (Vd) and elimination half-life, for dose and interval adjustments.

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Main Results:

  • Recommendations for selecting drugs metabolized hepatically or excreted renally based on patient's organ function.
  • Emphasis on tailoring drug dosages using therapeutic drug monitoring or established adjustment protocols.
  • Guidelines for adjusting doses based on changes in Vd and dosing intervals based on elimination half-life.

Conclusions:

  • Judicious use of medications with clear therapeutic indications is paramount in geriatric veterinary care.
  • Individualized drug selection, dosage adjustment, and vigilant monitoring are essential for optimizing outcomes and minimizing adverse events in elderly animals.