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Related Experiment Videos

Simple models for phosphorus loss from manure during rainfall.

Pierre Gérard-Marchant1, M Todd Walter, Tammo S Steenhuis

  • 1Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-5701, USA.

Journal of Environmental Quality
|April 22, 2005
PubMed
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Predicting phosphorus (P) runoff from manure-applied fields is crucial. New kinetic equations accurately model P release from manure during rainfall, improving nonpoint-source pollution models.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Agricultural Engineering
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • Nonpoint-source pollution from agricultural fields is a significant environmental concern.
  • Accurate modeling of phosphorus (P) transport from manure-applied fields is essential for effective pollution control.
  • Existing models lack mechanistic equations for P release from manure during rainfall events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate mechanistic, predictive equations for phosphorus (P) release from animal manure during rainfall.
  • To assess the suitability of first-order and second-order kinetic models for describing P desorption from manure.
  • To compare these kinetic models with established soil P loss models (Elovitch equation, power function).

Main Methods:

  • Derived two kinetic equations (first-order and second-order) based on manure characteristics: maximum water-extractable phosphorus (WEP) and characteristic desorption time.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evaluated the derived kinetic equations and two existing soil P loss models (Elovitch, power function) using published laboratory data on P release from various manures.
  • Analyzed the relationship between characteristic time and manure properties (aggregate size) and flow rate.

    • Main Results:

    • Both derived kinetic equations and the evaluated soil P loss models demonstrated good fit with experimental data.
    • The second-order kinetic model exhibited superior performance compared to the first-order model, with lower maximum relative differences (2.6% vs. 4.7%).
    • Characteristic desorption times varied by manure type (20 min for dairy, ~100 min for poultry) and were influenced by manure aggregate size but not flow rate.

    Conclusions:

    • Developed mechanistic, second-order kinetic equations provide a robust method for predicting P release from manure during rainfall events.
    • These models offer a process-based approach to estimate P loss shortly after land application, a critical period for nutrient runoff.
    • The findings contribute to improved nonpoint-source pollution modeling and water quality management strategies.