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A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
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Published on: February 2, 2021

Acute renal failure

Ivy I Boydstun1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, State University of New York, Stony Brook, HSC T11 060, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8111, USA. ivy.boydstun@stonybrook.edu

Adolescent Medicine Clinics
|April 23, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a sudden loss of kidney function, impacting waste clearance and fluid balance. Outcomes depend on the cause, with higher mortality linked to multi-organ failure.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Renal Physiology

Background:

  • Acute renal failure (ARF) signifies abrupt impairment of kidney function, affecting waste excretion and electrolyte homeostasis.
  • ARF presents a spectrum of severity, occurring in healthy children, superimposed on chronic kidney disease, or as part of multiorgan system failure.
  • The etiology of renal injury is paramount in determining patient prognosis in ARF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define acute renal failure (ARF) and outline its diverse clinical presentations in children.
  • To highlight the critical role of the underlying cause in ARF outcomes.
  • To describe the range of management strategies for pediatric ARF, from conservative to intensive care.

Main Methods:

  • This abstract reviews the definition, causes, outcomes, and management of acute renal failure in the pediatric population.
  • It synthesizes information on mortality rates and factors influencing patient survival.
  • The review discusses the spectrum of clinical management based on ARF severity and complications.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric ARF mortality rates range widely from 8% to 89%.
  • Outcomes are significantly worse with multi-organ system failure, exceeding 50% mortality.
  • Management varies from conservative approaches to intensive care for severe complications like fluid overload and hyperkalemia.

Conclusions:

  • Acute renal failure in children necessitates prompt identification and management tailored to the underlying cause.
  • The severity of renal injury and associated organ dysfunction are key determinants of mortality.
  • Effective management strategies are crucial for improving outcomes in pediatric ARF patients.

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