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Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Analysis of Nephron Composition and Function in the Adult Zebrafish Kidney
Published on: August 9, 2014
Kidneys and sports
Dilip R Patel1, Alfonso D Torres, Donald E Greydanus
1Michigan State University, Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies, 1000 Oakland Drive, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-1284, USA. patel@kcms.msu.edu
Abstract:
With better understanding of the nature of renal disease and its treatment, many more adolescents are now allowed to participate in recreational and competitive sports. The positive physiologic and psychological effects of exercise are increasingly being appreciated in adolescents with chronic diseases. This article reviews relevant aspects of renal disease that have implications for sports participation by adolescents, including hematuria, proteinuria, hyponatremia, hypertension, solitary kidney, exercise-related acute renal failure, and chronic/end-stage renal disease. It also reviews the renal effects of creatine and protein supplementation in athletes.
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