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Tuberculous otomastoiditis
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ullevål Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway.
Summary
Tuberculous otitis media (TOM) cases increased significantly in the late 20th century, predominantly in African populations. This review highlights diagnostic challenges and differing epidemiology in non-African populations.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Tuberculous otitis media (TOM) is a rare manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
- Literature review identified 320 cases of TOM/otomastoiditis in the 20th century.
Observation:
- A notable increase in reported TOM cases (93) occurred between 1986-1990.
- 83% of these recent cases originated from indigenous African populations.
- Three cases from indigenous Norwegian populations highlight differing epidemiology and diagnostic delays.
Findings:
- The resurgence of TOM, particularly in Africa, presents international health concerns.
- Non-African cases demonstrate a different epidemiological profile, leading to delayed diagnosis.
- Classical signs of TOM are often absent, complicating early detection.
Implications:
- Increased global surveillance for TOM is crucial, especially in high-prevalence areas.
- Awareness among clinicians is vital to reduce diagnostic delays in non-endemic regions.
- Understanding diverse epidemiological patterns is key to effective public health strategies for tuberculosis control.