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A basis for electronic cognitive simulation: the heuristic patient.

David Mallott1, John Raczek, Craig Skinner

  • 1University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. dmallott@clc.umaryland.edu

Surgical Innovation
|April 23, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Medical trainees need better electronic tools to practice patient management. Key features for effective electronic patient simulations include trial-and-error learning and dynamic responses to user actions.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Health Informatics
  • Simulation Technology

Background:

  • Limited electronic simulation methods exist for medical trainees to practice managing common outpatient and inpatient cases.
  • Medical trainees require efficient and safe methods to develop expertise in clinical decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify essential interaction requirements for effective student rehearsal of medical management using an electronic patient.
  • To evaluate desirable features for a simulation system enabling medical knowledge practice.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted observational sessions using both manual and electronic methods for students to manage simulated medical and surgical patients.
  • Observed and documented user interactions and system responses during the simulation exercises.

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Main Results:

  • Effective simulation requires trial-and-error learning opportunities for the user.
  • Unconstrained access to query and treat the electronic patient is crucial.
  • Anatomical and physiological values must dynamically respond to user interventions.
  • Users need control over time-related aspects of the simulation.

Conclusions:

  • User-directed management of an electronic patient, incorporating key requirements, significantly aids learning through trial-and-error.
  • The 'heuristic patient' concept is practical, enabling rehearsal of patient care decision-making and promoting self-directed learning by revealing knowledge deficits.