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Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells

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Published on: January 29, 2014

Detection of weak D with a fully automated solid-phase red cell adherence system.

Marco Lai¹, Gerarda Mavilia, Giuseppe d'Onofrio

¹Transfusion Center, Clinical Hematology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. marco_lai@fastwebnet.it

|April 26, 2005

Summary

A new automated solid-phase red cell adherence (SPRCA) test accurately detects the weak D blood group antigen. This advancement allows for the full automation of blood typing, improving efficiency and reliability in transfusion medicine.

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Preface.

International journal of laboratory hematology·2026

Area of Science:

Transfusion Medicine
Immunohaematology
Blood Group Serology

Background:

Microplate agglutination methods (MAMs) and column agglutination technology are standard for automated red cell typing.
Detection of weak D antigen traditionally requires manual testing, posing a limitation to full automation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the feasibility of detecting the weak D phenotype using a fully automated solid-phase red cell adherence (SPRCA) test.
To evaluate the performance of the SPRCA method compared to standard manual weak D testing.

Main Methods:

Analyzed 2609 blood samples for weak D phenotype using both a manual weak D tube test (antiglobulin method) and the automated SPRCA method.
Determined involved D epitopes and association with partial D phenotype when weak D was detected.

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Main Results:

Weak D phenotype was identified in 60 (2.3%) of the samples.
The automated SPRCA test correctly identified all 60 weak D samples.
The SPRCA method demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity compared to the manual test.

Conclusions:

The automated SPRCA test is a viable method for weak D detection.
The test shows promising sensitivity and specificity, supporting its clinical application.
Successful automation of weak D detection enables full automation of blood typing processes.