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Updated: Aug 18, 2026
Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Published on: May 26, 2023
Hormone replacement therapy, reproductive factors, and age-related macular degeneration: the Salisbury Eye Evaluation
Ellen E Freeman1, Beatriz Muñoz, Susan B Bressler
1Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. efreeman@jhsph.edu
Purpose:
To evaluate a potential relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT), reproductive factors and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Methods:
1,458 female participants (age 65-84) from the Salisbury Eye Evaluation study were available for this cross-sectional analysis. AMD outcomes were identified by reading center assessment of fundus photographs.
Results:
Women who currently used HRT had a lower adjusted odds of large drusen (> 125 microm) (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-1.0). Use of HRT was not statistically significantly associated with the prevalence of early AMD or advanced AMD, although the odds ratios were all much less than 1. Women who had had an increased number of births had a greater prevalence of large drusen (test of linear trend, p = 0.03).
Conclusions:
Current use of HRT was associated with a lower odds of large drusen, which may be predictive of advanced AMD. No statistically significant correlations were found between HRT or reproductive factors and early or advanced AMD.
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