Effect of glipizide on serum insulin and glucose concentrations in healthy cats

With the recent identification of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in cats, new possibilities arise for the use of oral hypoglycaemic agents in the treatment of feline NIDDM, similar to their use in humans. To identify the future applicability of the oral hypoglycaemic agent, glipizide, in the treatment of feline NIDDM, its effects on serum insulin and glucose concentrations in healthy cats was examined. In addition, adverse effects seen clinically or on bloodwork following short-term use of the drug were looked for. Serum insulin and glucose concentrations were evaluated after the oral administration of 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg glipizide and placebo in 10 healthy cats. For each drug trial, blood was obtained five minutes before, immediately before, and 7.5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after glipizide or placebo administration. Mean serum insulin concentration increased after glipizide administration, with peak mean serum insulin concentration occurring 15 minutes after administration and declining to baseline by 60 minutes. There was no significant difference in peak mean serum insulin concentration, mean serum insulin concentration at 60 minutes after glipizide administration, or mean total insulin secretion between the three glipizide dosages. Mean serum glucose concentration decreased within 15 minutes of glipizide administration, with the glucose nadir occurring 60 minutes after glipizide administration. Placebo trials showed no significant change in mean serum insulin or glucose concentrations from baseline concentrations.