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[Screening tests for animal TSE: present and future].

J P Deslys1, J Grassi

  • 1CEA, groupe d'innovation diagnostique et thérapeutique sur les infections à prions, département de recherche médicale, CEA/Fontenay aux Roses, France.

Pathologie-Biologie
|April 27, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Rapid tests for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and scrapie diagnosis are widely used in Europe. These tests aid in estimating disease prevalence and ensuring food safety by detecting abnormal prion protein (PrPres).

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary diagnostics
  • Prion disease research
  • Food safety testing

Context:

  • European Commission validated three rapid tests for post-mortem Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) diagnosis in cattle in 1999.
  • These tests are crucial for large-scale surveillance across Europe, detecting abnormal prion protein (PrPres) based on biochemical properties like PK resistance.
  • Since 2002, similar tests have been applied to sheep and goats for scrapie diagnosis, enabling preclinical detection in peripheral lymphoid tissues.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness and application of validated rapid tests for post-mortem diagnosis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in cattle, sheep, and goats.
  • To assess the role of these diagnostic tools in estimating disease epizootic levels and ensuring the safety of the human food chain.
  • To review the current status and future prospects of TSE diagnostic testing, including emerging technologies.

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Summary:

  • Validated rapid tests for BSE and scrapie are extensively used in Europe for post-mortem diagnosis.
  • These biochemical assays detect abnormal prion protein (PrPres) by exploiting its resistance to proteinase K and detergent-induced aggregation, followed by denaturation for antibody detection.
  • The tests have improved epizootic estimation and enabled the removal of at-risk animals from the food supply, with potential for preclinical diagnosis in sheep and goats.

Impact:

  • Facilitated widespread surveillance and control of BSE and scrapie, enhancing food safety and public health.
  • Enabled more accurate estimation of TSE prevalence in livestock populations.
  • Paved the way for future advancements in TSE diagnostics, potentially including tests for living animals.