Anesthesia for patients with stable end-stage renal disease

Patients with stable, end-state renal disease should be premedicated with an opioid and induced with minimal doses of an ultrashort barbiturate or isoflurane. Supplemental systemic or epidural analgesics can be administered if necessary. Urine output should be monitored in the perioperative period. If oliguria exists, fluids and perhaps a diuretic such as furosemide, mannitol, or dopamine should be administered.