Effect of snuff on nasal mucosa

Area of Science:

• Otorhinolaryngology
• Toxicology
• Public Health

Background:

• Nasal snuff (powdered tobacco) use is prevalent in the Indian subcontinent and gaining interest in the West.
• Concerns exist regarding the long-term effects of nasal snuff on nasal mucosa, with limited research available.
• This study addresses the knowledge gap concerning the health impacts of chronic nasal snuff consumption.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effects of long-term nasal snuff use on the nasal mucosa.
• To identify clinical signs and symptoms associated with chronic nasal snuff usage.
• To evaluate nasal mucosa changes in long-term snuff users.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective study was conducted on 29 individuals with a history of nasal snuff use.
• Clinical data, including nasal symptoms and examination findings, were collected.
• Histopathologic examination of nasal turbinates, absolute eosinophil count, total serum immunoglobulin E, and skin prick tests were performed.

Main Results:

• The majority of patients (62.5%) reported nasal obstruction and discharge.
• Nasal examination revealed significant mucosal edema of the septum and turbinates.
• Histopathology showed squamous metaplasia, inflammation, edema, and fibrosis in the turbinates, with elevated eosinophil and immunoglobulin E levels in many patients.

Conclusions:

• Long-term nasal snuff abuse results in chronic rhinitis, characterized by nasal blockage and stuffiness.
• Nasal snuff is not a safe substitute for smoked tobacco as it does not prevent adverse health outcomes.
• The findings highlight the detrimental effects of chronic nasal snuff use on nasal health.