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Regulation of androgen receptor levels: implications for prostate cancer progression and therapy

Kerry L Burnstein1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA. kburnste@miami.edu

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
|April 30, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Androgen deprivation therapy is standard for advanced prostate cancer, but tumors often recur. Targeting the androgen receptor (AR) and its complex regulatory pathways offers new therapeutic strategies for recurrent prostate cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a cornerstone treatment for advanced and metastatic prostate cancer.
  • Prostate tumors initially depend on androgens for growth, but resistance and recurrence are common.
  • Androgen receptors (ARs) mediate androgen action, and their activity persists in recurrent disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the androgen receptor (AR) in recurrent prostate cancer.
  • To discuss the intricate mechanisms regulating AR levels in normal and cancerous prostate cells.
  • To highlight potential new drug targets for modulating AR signaling in prostate cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on androgen receptor regulation in prostate cancer.
  • Analysis of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms controlling AR levels.
  • Examination of AR's role in recurrent and androgen-independent prostate cancer.

Main Results:

  • Androgen receptors (ARs) remain transcriptionally active in recurrent prostate cancer.
  • AR levels are regulated by complex, cell- and tissue-specific pathways.
  • Androgens themselves influence AR mRNA and protein levels via multiple mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The androgen receptor (AR) is a critical factor in recurrent prostate cancer.
  • The multifaceted regulation of AR presents numerous opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Targeting AR regulatory pathways may overcome resistance to current prostate cancer treatments.

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