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Fetal leucocyte count in rhesus disease
N P Davies1, A G Buggins, R J Snijders
1King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, London.
Archives of Disease in Childhood
|April 1, 1992
Summary
Fetal anemia significantly lowers white blood cell counts in fetuses. This study investigated the impact of anemia on fetal leucocyte levels, revealing decreased lymphocytes and monocytes.
Area of Science:
- Perinatal Medicine
- Hematology
- Immunology
Background:
- Fetal anemia, particularly due to rhesus disease, can impact fetal development.
- Leukocyte count alterations in anemic fetuses are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of fetal anemia on total and differential leukocyte counts.
- To explore potential mechanisms underlying observed changes in leukocyte populations.
Main Methods:
- Blood samples were collected via cordocentesis from 177 fetuses with anemia (17-36 weeks gestation).
- Leukocyte counts were compared between anemic fetuses and normal controls.
- Correlations between anemia severity and leukocyte levels were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Mean fetal total leukocyte, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts were significantly lower in anemic fetuses compared to controls.
- A significant association was found between the degree of anemia and the reduction in these leukocyte subsets.
- Potential mechanisms include altered progenitor production, hemophagocytosis, or general hematopoietic suppression.
Conclusions:
- Fetal anemia is associated with significant reductions in total leukocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes.
- Understanding these hematological changes is crucial for improving antenatal and postnatal care for affected fetuses.