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Subsurface damage in some single crystalline optical materials.

Joseph A Randi1, John C Lambropoulos, Stephen D Jacobs

  • 1Mechanical Engineering Department, Center for Optics Manufacturing, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA. jar39@psu.edu

Applied Optics
|May 3, 2005
PubMed
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A new nondestructive method estimates subsurface damage (SSD) in optical crystals by correlating surface roughness to damage depth. This technique provides an upper bound for SSD, crucial for material quality assessment.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optical Engineering
  • Surface Metrology

Background:

  • Assessing subsurface damage (SSD) in single crystalline optical materials is critical for performance.
  • Existing methods for SSD depth determination can be insufficient for very soft or hard crystals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a nondestructive method for estimating SSD depth in single crystalline optical materials.
  • To establish a correlation between surface microroughness and SSD depth.

Main Methods:

  • A novel destructive technique using magnetorheological finishing to polish spots on ground surfaces was employed to determine actual SSD depth.
  • Surface microroughness, specifically peak-to-valley (p-v) measurements, was quantified using white-light interferometry.
  • Correlation analysis between p-v microroughness and destructive SSD depth measurements.

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Main Results:

  • Peak-to-valley (p-v) surface microroughness, when scaled, provides an upper bound for SSD depth.
  • SSD in tested single crystalline optical materials (silicon, LiNbO3, CaF2, MgF2, sapphire) was consistently less than 1.4 times the measured p-v surface microroughness.
  • An alternative SSD estimation method based on abrasive size was also explored.

Conclusions:

  • The developed nondestructive method effectively estimates SSD depth in various single crystalline optical materials.
  • Surface microroughness serves as a reliable indicator for the upper limit of subsurface damage.
  • This approach offers a practical alternative to destructive methods for SSD assessment.