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Related Experiment Videos

Watershed-based survey designs.

Naomi E Detenbeck1, Dan Cincotta, Judith M Denver

  • 1US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, Minnesota, USA. detenbeck.naomi@epa.gov

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
|May 3, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Watershed-based sampling designs are crucial for water quality monitoring under the Clean Water Act. These tools help assess regional conditions and identify impaired water bodies using GIS and probabilistic survey methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Resource Management
  • Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Background:

  • The Clean Water Act mandates comprehensive water quality monitoring for various objectives.
  • Effective monitoring requires robust sampling designs and assessment tools.
  • Existing frameworks often lack a unified, nationwide approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the utility of watershed-based sampling designs for meeting Clean Water Act requirements.
  • To describe the creation of a GIS framework to support these designs.
  • To present different approaches for site selection in watershed-based surveys.

Main Methods:

  • Development of GIS databases including hydrography and digital elevation models.
  • Representation of sampling frameworks using stream networks or watershed polygons.

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  • Application of probabilistic survey methods like unequal probability weighting and stratification.

    • Main Results:

    • GIS databases provide a consistent nationwide framework for water quality monitoring.
    • Watershed-based designs can be implemented using established probabilistic sampling techniques.
    • Case studies demonstrate diverse site selection strategies for different stream types.

    Conclusions:

    • Watershed-based sampling designs are effective for achieving multiple water quality monitoring goals.
    • A GIS-based hydrographic framework is essential for implementing these designs nationwide.
    • Probabilistic survey methods offer flexibility in selecting monitoring sites within watershed frameworks.