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Related Experiment Videos

Human immune recognition-based multicomponent subunit vaccines against tuberculosis.

S B Sable1, I Verma, D Behera

  • 1Dept of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India.

The European Respiratory Journal
|May 3, 2005
PubMed
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Two new tuberculosis vaccines were tested in mice. The vaccine with antigens inducing a subdominant T-cell response offered better protection than the one with dominant T-cell response antigens.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Cell-mediated immunity, particularly T-helper type 1 (Th1) responses, is crucial for combating mycobacterial infections like tuberculosis (TB).
  • Multicomponent subunit vaccines (MSVs) are being developed to target TB, but their efficacy depends on antigen selection and the resulting immune response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the protective efficacy of two MSVs (MSV-1 and MSV-2) against TB in a mouse model.
  • To assess if human immune recognition of vaccine antigens correlates with protective immunity against TB.

Main Methods:

  • MSV-1 comprised five immunodominant antigens (TB10.4, ESAT-6, CFP-8, CFP-10, CFP-15) known to induce a predominant T-cell response in humans.
  • MSV-2 contained five antigens (CFP-11, CFP-21, CFP-22.5, MPT-64, CFP-31) associated with subdominant T-cell and antibody responses in humans.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Both vaccine formulations were tested for protective efficacy in C57BL/6J mice, with bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) used as a positive control.

    • Main Results:

    • In mice, the protective efficacy in the lungs followed the order: BCG > MSV-2 > MSV-1.
    • MSV-1 showed significantly lower protective efficacy than MSV-2 and BCG in the spleen.
    • MSV-2 demonstrated comparable protective efficacy to BCG in the spleen.

    Conclusions:

    • Antigens selected for inducing strong T-helper type 1 responses based on human immune recognition do not guarantee vaccine-induced protection against TB.
    • Vaccine strategies should consider a broader range of immune responses, including subdominant T-cell and antibody responses, for effective TB protection.