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Birthweight and risk of type 1 diabetes in children and young adults: a population-based register study

G G Dahlquist1, A Pundziūte-Lyckå, L Nyström

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden. Gisela.Dahlquist@pediatri.umu.se

Diabetologia
|May 3, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Type 1 diabetes risk is linked to birthweight, but only for children who develop the disease before age 10. This association is not significant for later onset type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease with increasing incidence globally.
  • Understanding risk factors, including prenatal and perinatal influences, is crucial for prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between birthweight and the risk of developing type 1 diabetes.
  • To examine if this association varies by age at disease onset.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based case-referent study utilizing linked Swedish nationwide registers.
  • Included incident cases of type 1 diabetes aged 0-14 and 15-34 years, with birth data from the Swedish Medical Birth Registry.
  • Birthweight was analyzed as standard deviation scores (SDS), adjusted for relevant covariates.

Main Results:

  • A significant inverse linear trend was observed between birthweight SDS and type 1 diabetes risk for cases with onset before 10 years of age (OR per SDS: 0.062).
  • No significant trend was found for type 1 diabetes cases with onset between 10 and 29 years of age (OR per SDS: 0.004).

Conclusions:

  • The association between birthweight and type 1 diabetes risk is primarily evident in individuals with early-onset disease.
  • These findings suggest distinct etiological pathways for early- versus later-onset type 1 diabetes.
Abstract

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