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Heart failure in women.

Denise D Barnard1

  • 1University of California San Diego Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Program, UCSD Medical Center, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103, USA. dhermann@ucsd.edu

Current Cardiology Reports
|May 4, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Women with heart failure show better survival than men, despite similar lifetime risks. Understanding sex differences in heart failure risk factors and causes is crucial for potential treatment modifications.

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Who cares for the patient with heart failure?

Current cardiology reports·2007

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Women's Health
  • Sex Differences in Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease mortality is high in women, prompting awareness campaigns.
  • Heart failure (HF) has a lethal prognosis, yet women exhibit a survival advantage over men.
  • Sex-linked disparities in HF risk factors and pathophysiology contribute to differing clinical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore sex-based differences in heart failure risk factors and pathophysiology.
  • To understand unique heart failure etiologies and clinical manifestations in women.
  • To inform potential sex-specific modifications in heart failure therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sex differences in cardiovascular disease and heart failure.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data regarding heart failure risk and outcomes in men and women.
  • Examination of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying heart failure in different sexes.

Main Results:

  • At age 40, lifetime risk for heart failure is equal for men and women.
  • Lifetime risk for coronary heart disease is higher in men (1 in 2) than in women (1 in 3).
  • Women demonstrate an apparent survival advantage in heart failure compared to men.

Conclusions:

  • Sex-inherent characteristics influence heart failure development and prognosis.
  • Further research is needed to determine if heart failure therapies should be sex-specific.
  • Current heart failure treatment guidelines should be uniformly applied to both sexes pending further data.

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