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Dynamic changes in baroreceptor-sympathetic coupling during the respiratory cycle.

Gerard L Gebber1, Mahasweta Das, Susan M Barman

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824-1317, USA. gebber@msu.edu

Brain Research
|May 5, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Respiratory activity influences sympathetic nerve discharge timing in cats. This "phase walk" links cardiac and sympathetic rhythms, modulated by breathing patterns and lung afferents.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • The interplay between respiratory and cardiovascular systems is crucial for maintaining homeostasis.
  • Sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) exhibits cardiac-related rhythms, influenced by baroreceptor activity.
  • Respiratory variations can modulate autonomic nerve activity, but the precise mechanisms are complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between cardiac-related sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) and arterial pulse (AP) during respiration.
  • To characterize a novel form of phase walk between AP and SND and its dependence on respiratory variables.
  • To determine whether respiratory influences on AP-SND phase walk are mediated by central respiratory drive or vagal afferents.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Recording of inferior cardiac postganglionic sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) and arterial pulse (AP) in urethane-anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated cats.
  • Analysis of phase relationships (coherence and lag) between AP and SND, particularly during different phases of the respiratory cycle.
  • Manipulation of respiratory variables, including end-tidal CO2 levels (normocapnia and hypercapnia) and vagal nerve integrity (intact vs. vagotomized).

Main Results:

  • An unusual AP-SND phase walk was observed, characterized by progressive, bidirectional changes in coupling strength and lag, recurring with the respiratory cycle.
  • This phase walk was linked to central respiratory drive and vagal lung inflation afferent activity.
  • AP-SND phase walk was primarily driven by respiratory-induced changes in the sympathetic nerve rhythm frequency, not heart rate, with independent control of sympathetic oscillation frequency and amplitude by respiratory parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Respiratory activity significantly impacts the timing of cardiac-related sympathetic nerve discharge relative to the arterial pulse.
  • A unique respiratory-modulated phase walk phenomenon exists between arterial pulse and sympathetic nerve discharge.
  • Central respiratory drive and vagal afferents play distinct roles in controlling the frequency and amplitude of sympathetic oscillations during respiration.