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Down's syndrome in South Australia.

G R Sutherland, S R Clisby, G Bloor

    The Medical Journal of Australia
    |July 28, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    The incidence of Down's syndrome in South Australia is decreasing, with fewer cases observed in recent years. This trend is linked to a significant drop in the proportion of babies born with Down's syndrome to older mothers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Science
    • Genetics
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Down's syndrome, a genetic disorder, presents significant health and societal challenges.
    • Accurate incidence data is crucial for public health planning and resource allocation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the incidence and trends of Down's syndrome in South Australia.
    • To analyze the impact of maternal age on Down's syndrome rates over time.
    • To provide data for genetic counseling and inform public health policy.

    Main Methods:

    • A comprehensive survey identified 921 individuals with Down's syndrome in South Australia (living and deceased).
    • Cytogenetic confirmation was obtained for 774 cases.
    • Incidence rates were calculated from 1955 to 1977, with analysis of maternal age-specific rates and trends.

    Main Results:

    • The overall incidence of Down's syndrome at birth was 1.175 per 1000 live births from 1955 to 1977.
    • A significant decrease in incidence was observed in the latter part of the study period, indicating a falling trend.
    • The proportion of Down's syndrome births to mothers aged 35+ decreased from 65.7% (pre-1950) to 30.4% (1975-1977), with a median maternal age drop from 37.12 to 28.25 years.

    Conclusions:

    • The incidence of Down's syndrome in South Australia appears to be declining.
    • While maternal age-specific rates haven't changed overall, a decrease in younger mothers (≤25) and a significant reduction in older mothers (35+) contribute to the falling trend.
    • The study advocates for Down's syndrome to be a notifiable condition for improved surveillance and management.

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