Light energy, cataract surgery, and progression of age-related macular degeneration

Some studies suggest an association between light exposure and increased risk of advanced age-related macular degeneration. The natural lens serves as a barrier to some of the higher energy light rays. There is some concern that cataract surgery may be contributing to the increase in prevalence of age-related macular degeneration.

It has been shown that blue light absorption by retinal pigment epithelium results in free radical formation, leading to cellular injury, and that blue filters can reduce this rate of cell death. Other studies have shown a tendency for pseudophakic eyes to progress to the wet form of age-related macular degeneration more so than their fellow eyes.

Currently there is no conclusive evidence to support a relation between progression of age-related macular degeneration and cataract surgery. Given that nearly two million cataract extractions are performed yearly, a large randomized controlled study is required to prove or disprove the ability of tinted intraocular lenses to aid in preventing the progression of age-related macular degeneration.