Current epidemiology of leprosy

Every year around 4,00,000 new cases of leprosy occur in India and India contributes about 80% of the global leprosy case load. The prevalence of leprosy (case load per 1,00,000 population) has come down from 52 per 10,000 in 1981 to 2.4 per 10,000 in July 2004. There is no primary prevention for leprosy. Multidrug therapy is the only intervention available against the disease. As of July 2004 there were about 2,40,000 leprosy cases on record in India. There are thirteen states and union territories in India which have already eliminated leprosy. About 70% of the cases detected in India are paucibacillary which are less or non-infectious. Ever since the start of National Leprosy Eradication Programme in 1983, the number of new cases detected every year has not shown significant change. Leprosy cases are treated for 6 months or 12 months depending on whether they are PB or MB. The treatment completion rates are now found to be 85% for MB and 90% for PB. Phased introduction of MDT services has contributed to a large extent the static level of new case detection. Without complete coverage of MDT, it is difficult to achieve stable level of new case detection. Diagnostic efficiency of the staff is very important external factor influencing case detection rate. The most important factor that could have significant impact or prevalence is the coverage of the entire population with adequate MDT service.