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Updated: Aug 18, 2026

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
Published on: March 30, 2014
Patterns of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance among HIV-infected patients in Maputo, Mozambique, 2002-2003
E A Nunes1, E M De Capitani, E Coelho
1Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo. pedro.bete@tvcabo.co.mz
Setting:
Two tuberculosis (TB) reference hospitals in Maputo, Mozambique.
Objectives:
To assess the pattern of TB drug resistance and its risk factors in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients.
Design:
Adult HIV-positive patients with TB diagnosed by culture of sputum or bronchial washing were enrolled during 2002-2003. Cultures of 111 patients were tested for rifampicin, isoniazid, streptomycin and ethambutol sensitivity. Chest X-ray, haemoglobin (Hb), total lymphocyte and CD4 counts were also performed.
Results:
Overall resistance to any drugs was found in 18% and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) in 9%. New cases of TB accounted for 62% of the studied group. Drug resistance in this subgroup was 13% compared with 26.3% in the previously treated subgroup, and MDR-TB was 5.8% vs. 15.8%. All patients presented Hb levels < 9 g/dl and total lymphocyte counts < 1200/microl. CD4 counts were significantly low in the drug resistance subgroup, with levels mostly < 100/microl. Cavities on X-ray were seen only in drug-sensitive patients. No risk factors for drug resistance were detected.
Conclusions:
Overall observed drug resistance was 18%, and MDR-TB 9%. Previously treated patients had high drug resistance (26.3%) and MDR-TB (15.8%).
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