Both cGMP and peroxynitrite mediate chronic interleukin-6-induced negative inotropy in adult rat ventricular myocytes

We previously showed that chronic exposure to interleukin (IL)-6 decreases contractile and sarcoplasmic reticular (SR) function assessed by postrest potentiation (PRP) via a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanism in adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVM). Cyclic GMP (cGMP) has been associated with NO-associated negative inotropic effects of IL-6 during acute exposure; however, its role in chronic cardiac effects of IL-6 remains unclear. The present study examined the roles of cGMP and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in chronic IL-6-induced negative inotropy in ARVM. After ARVM were exposed to IL-6 for 2-24 h, intracellular cGMP contents were time dependently increased; this was mimicked by a NO donor and abolished by 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), or Rp-8-Br-cGMP, an inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG). Meanwhile, the IL-6-induced decrease in PRP at 2 h was blocked by ODQ or Rp-8-Br-cGMP. By contrast, ODQ or Rp-8-Br-cGMP only attenuated the inhibition of PRP induced by IL-6 after 24 h exposure. Furthermore, IL-6 time dependently increased superoxide anion production and ONOO- formation; the latter was abolished by 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-sulphonatophenyl)-porphyrinato iron (III) (FeTPPS), an ONOO- decomposition catalyst. Interestingly, FeTPPS had no effect on the IL-6-elicited decrease in PRP at 2 h, but attenuated it after 24 h exposure. Moreover, inhibition of sGC/cGMP/PKG, but not ONOO- formation, abolished the IL-6-induced inhibition of kinetics of myocyte contraction during 24 h exposure. We conclude that while the sGC/cGMP/PKG pathway was the primary mechanism for chronic IL-6-induced negative inotropy at 2 h, both sGC/cGMP/PKG and ONOO-, at least in part, mediate the IL-6-induced inhibition of SR function after 24 h exposure.