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Related Concept Videos

Resistors In Series01:10

Resistors In Series

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A resistor is an ohmic device that limits the flow of charge in a circuit. Most circuits have more than one resistor. If several resistors are connected together and connected to a battery, the current supplied by the battery depends on the equivalent resistance of the circuit. The equivalent resistance of a combination of resistors depends on both their individual values and how they are connected. The simplest combination of resistors is the series combination. 
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Series Resonance01:17

Series Resonance

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The RLC circuit impedance is defined as the ratio of the supply voltage to the circuit current. Resonance in such a circuit occurs when the imaginary part of this impedance equals zero. This specific condition means that the inductive reactance is exactly equal to the capacitive reactance. The frequency at which this happens is known as the resonant frequency. Mathematically, the resonant frequency is inversely proportional to the square root of the product of the inductance (L) and capacitance...
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Trigonometric Fourier series01:17

Trigonometric Fourier series

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Fourier series is a foundational mathematical technique that decomposes periodic functions into an infinite series of sinusoidal harmonics. This method enables the representation of complex periodic signals as sums of simple sine and cosine functions, facilitating their analysis and interpretation in various fields, including signal processing, acoustics, and electrical engineering.
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Convergence of Fourier Series01:21

Convergence of Fourier Series

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The Fourier series is a powerful mathematical tool for representing periodic signals as an infinite sum of complex exponentials. In practice, this infinite series is truncated to a finite number of terms, yielding a partial sum. This truncation makes the approximation of the signal feasible but introduces certain challenges, particularly near discontinuities, known as the Gibbs phenomenon.
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Series R—L Circuit Transients01:22

Series R—L Circuit Transients

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In a series resistor-inductor (R-L) circuit, closing the switch at the start of the time period simulates a three-phase short circuit, a fault condition where all three phases of an unloaded synchronous machine are short-circuited. When there is no fault impedance and no initial current, the initial voltage is determined by the phase angle of the source voltage.
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Series and Parallel Capacitors01:14

Series and Parallel Capacitors

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Capacitors, fundamental components in electronic circuits, can be connected in series and/or parallel configurations. Each configuration has different impacts on the overall behavior of the circuit.
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Treatment Model for Young Patients with Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Resultant Infertility
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Crural ligation for primary erectile dysfunction: a case series.

Nadeem U Rahman1, Robert C Dean, Rafael Carrion

  • 1Department of Urology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

The Journal of Urology
|May 10, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Crural ligation surgery effectively treats primary erectile dysfunction caused by congenital penile venous leakage. This surgical approach offers a durable and satisfactory solution for select patients, improving erectile function significantly.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Andrology
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Primary erectile dysfunction (ED) can stem from congenital maldevelopment of penile crura.
  • Venous leakage is a significant cause of ED in some men.
  • Identifying localized crural leakage is key for surgical intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and durability of crural ligation for primary venous leakage ED.
  • To assess surgical outcomes in patients with congenital venous abnormalities of the penis.

Main Methods:

  • Eleven patients with primary ED and congenital venous leakage underwent crural ligation.
  • Preoperative evaluation included ultrasound, nocturnal penile tumescence studies, and cavernosometry/cavernosography.
  • Surgery involved ligating the crura proximal to the cavernous artery entrance.

Main Results:

  • Mean follow-up was 34 months; 9 out of 11 patients showed marked improvement in erectile function.
  • Mean International Index of Erectile Function scores improved significantly post-surgery (8.9 to 17.5).
  • Postoperative scores for specific erectile function parameters showed significant improvement (p <0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Crural ligation provides a satisfactory and durable result for ED caused by congenital crural venous leakage.
  • Penile venous surgery may be less effective for ED due to systemic diseases or smooth muscle atrophy.
  • This surgical technique is a viable option for carefully selected patients with specific venous leak abnormalities.