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Dynamic free-surface deformations in axisymmetric liquid bridges.

Bok-Cheol Sim1, Woo-Seung Kim, Abdelfattah Zebib

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea. sbcsim@naver.com

Advances in Space Research : the Official Journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)
|May 11, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Thermocapillary convection in liquid bridges remains steady even with dynamic free surfaces. Surface deformations and large Capillary numbers create ripples but do not induce oscillatory flow, highlighting the importance of heat loss in models.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Heat Transfer
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Thermocapillary convection is crucial in microgravity applications.
  • Liquid bridges with deformable free surfaces present complex fluid dynamics.
  • Previous models often simplified free surface behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate thermocapillary convection in a differentially heated liquid bridge.
  • Analyze the impact of deformable free surfaces on flow stability.
  • Determine the role of surface deformations and Capillary numbers on convection dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Two-dimensional numerical simulation.
  • Coupled transport equations for a deformable free surface.
  • Axisymmetric computation with fixed Prandtl and aspect ratios.

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Main Results:

  • Steady convection was observed for both non-deformable and deformable surfaces.
  • Dynamic free-surface deformations did not induce oscillatory convection.
  • Surface shape varied from convex near the cold wall to concave/convex near the hot wall with increasing Reynolds number.
  • Large Capillary numbers caused surface ripples with minimal interior effect.
  • Heat loss from the free surface significantly influences dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Free surface deformations do not destabilize thermocapillary convection in this configuration.
  • Surface tension gradients and viscous stresses dictate free surface shape.
  • Accurate modeling of thermocapillary instabilities requires incorporating free surface heat loss.