Helge Bertram1, Markus Kroeber, Haili Wang
1Division of Experimental Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
Intervertebral disc (IVD) cell therapy shows promise for disc regeneration. Optimized fibrin matrix and reduced intradiscal pressure improve cell survival and transfer efficiency, but advanced substitutes are needed for the low-nutrient environment.
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