Quantitative determination of total lipid hydroperoxides by a flow injection analysis system

A flow injection analysis (FIA) system coupled with a fluorescence detection system using diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine (DPPP) was developed as a highly sensitive and reproducible quantitative method of total lipid hydroperoxide analysis. Fluorescence analysis of DPPP oxide generated by the reaction of lipid hydroperoxides with DPPP enabled a quantitative determination of the total amount of lipid hydroperoxides. Use of 1-myristoyl-2-(12-((7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino) dodecanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine as the internal standard improved the sensitivity and reproducibility of the analysis. Several commercially available edible oils, including soybean oil, rape-seed oil, olive oil, corn oil, canola oil, safflower oil, mixed vegetable oils, cod liver oil, and sardine oil were analyzed by the FIA system for the quantitative determination of total lipid hydroperoxides. The minimal amounts of sample oils required were 50 microg of soybean oil (PV = 2.71 meq/kg) and 3 mg of sardine oil (PV = 0.38 meq/kg) for a single injection. Thus, sensitivity was sufficient for the detection of a small amount and/or low concentration of hydroperoxides in common edible oils. The recovery of sample oils for the FIA system ranged between 87.2+/-2.6% and 102+/-5.1% when PV ranged between 0.38 and 58.8 meq/kg. The CV in the analyses of soybean oil (PV = 3.25 meq/kg), cod liver oil (PV = 6.71 meq/kg), rapeseed oil (PV = 12.3 meq/kg), and sardine oil (PV = 63.8 meq/kg) were 4.31, 5.66, 8.27, and 11.2%, respectively, demonstrating sufficient reproducibility of the FIA system for the determination of lipid hydroperoxides. The squared correlation (r2) between the FIA system and the official AOCS iodometric titration method in a linear regression analysis was estimated at 0.9976 within the range of 0.35-77.8 meq/kg of PV (n = 42). Thus, the FIA system provided satisfactory detection limits, recovery, and reproducibility. The FIA system was further applied to evaluate changes in the total amounts of lipid hydroperoxides in fish muscle stored on ice.