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Updated: Aug 18, 2026

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection
Published on: June 15, 2018
Patterns of protein expression in infectious meningitis: a cerebrospinal fluid protein array analysis
Stefan Kastenbauer1, Barbara Angele, Bernd Sporer
1Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. stefan@kastenbauer.de
Abstract:
Seventy-nine cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were measured by protein array analysis in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis and controls. Several factors were found to be regulated, which have not been studied in the CNS before, e.g., macrophage inflammatory protein-1delta (CCL15) and neutrophil-activating peptide-2 (CXCL7). In pneumococcal meningitis, other new observations were an increase of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-2 (CCL8), pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine (CCL18), and macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha (CCL20), and a sustained upregulation of several growth factors. In viral meningitis, new findings were an elevation of CCL8, thrombopoietin, and vascular endothelial growth factor.
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