[Early detection of cancer of the prostate. Pros and cons]

Since the introduction of PSA determination for the detection of cancer of the prostate, there have been discussions of the pros and cons of PSA screening for early detection of this cancer. The PSA test used in combination with digital rectal examination has proven to be a superior diagnostic instrument for the diagnosis of malignant prostate disease at an early stage. The German Guideline Catalog for the early detection of carcinoma of the prostate recommends measurement of the PSA from the age of 45 onwards in patients who have first been comprehensively informed about the further proceedings in the event of a positive result. To date, PSA screening has not been shown to lower the disease-specific mortality rate. Two ongoing randomized, multicentre studies (ERSPC and PLCO) are expected to throw more light on the matter.