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Related Experiment Videos

Short hard palate in prenatal trisomy 21.

H Lauridsen1, B F Hansen, I Reintoft

  • 1Department of Pathology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research
|May 13, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Fetuses with trisomy 21 show significantly shorter total midpalatal length, including both maxillary and palatine parts, compared to normal standards. This study provides key insights into craniofacial development in Down syndrome.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Genetics
  • Human anatomy

Background:

  • Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is associated with various developmental abnormalities.
  • Craniofacial morphology, particularly the hard palate, is often affected in individuals with trisomy 21.
  • Limited data exists on specific palatal dimensions in prenatal trisomy 21.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively assess the total midpalatal length and its components (maxillary and palatine parts) of the hard palate in human fetuses with trisomy 21.
  • To compare these measurements against established normal standards for prenatal development.
  • To provide novel insights into the craniofacial characteristics of trisomy 21 during fetal development.

Main Methods:

  • Postmortem examination of 31 human fetuses with genetically confirmed trisomy 21.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Radiographic analysis of sectioned palates using Grenz Ray technology.
  • Cephalometric measurements of palatal lengths performed with a digital caliper.
  • Statistical comparison adjusting for crown rump length (CRL) via linear regression.

    • Main Results:

    • Fetuses with trisomy 21 exhibited significantly reduced total midpalatal length at CRL 150 mm and 170 mm.
    • Both the maxillary and palatine components of the hard palate were found to be shorter in trisomy 21 fetuses.
    • These findings were statistically significant when compared to normal standards.

    Conclusions:

    • The hard palate in fetuses with trisomy 21 is shorter than in unaffected fetuses.
    • This reduction in palatal length is attributable to shortening of both the maxillary and palatine bone segments.
    • The study highlights specific skeletal growth alterations in the midface associated with trisomy 21 during prenatal development.