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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
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Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
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Circulating osteoblast-lineage cells in humans.

Guiti Z Eghbali-Fatourechi1, Jesse Lamsam, Daniel Fraser

  • 1Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn 55905, USA.

The New England Journal of Medicine
|May 13, 2005
PubMed
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Circulating osteoblast-lineage cells are present in peripheral blood and are significantly higher during pubertal growth. These cells may play a previously unrecognized role in bone formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Bone Biology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Osteoblast-lineage cells are traditionally considered rare in peripheral blood.
  • Previous assays may have underestimated their concentration due to adherence requirements.
  • Hypothesized increased levels during active bone formation, like pubertal growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and quantify circulating osteoblast-lineage cells.
  • To investigate their concentration in relation to pubertal growth and bone formation markers.
  • To confirm the osteoblastic nature of these circulating cells.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry using antibodies for bone-specific proteins.
  • Analysis of peripheral blood from adolescent and adult males.
  • Gene expression, in vitro, and in vivo bone-forming assays on sorted cells.

Main Results:

  • Osteocalcin- and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase-positive cells detected in adult peripheral blood.
  • Adolescent males showed over five times higher osteocalcin-positive cells compared to adults.
  • Sorted cells exhibited osteoblastic gene expression and formed bone in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Osteoblast-lineage cells circulate in significant numbers.
  • Their concentration correlates with bone formation markers and is elevated during pubertal growth.
  • These cells represent a potentially crucial, previously unrecognized circulatory component of bone formation.