Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Crystallization of Proteins on Chip by Microdialysis for In Situ X-ray Diffraction Studies
Published on: April 11, 2021
Macromolecular crystallization with microfluidic free-interface diffusion
1Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Biology & Biotechnology Program, 7000 East Avenue Livermore, CA 94551, USA. segelke1@llnl.gov
Abstract:
Fluidigm Corp. released the Topaz 1.96 and 4.96 crystallization chips in the fall of 2004. Topaz 1.96 and 4.96 are the latest evolution of Fluidigm's microfluidics crystallization technologies that enable ultra-low-volume rapid screening for macromolecular crystallization. Topaz 1.96 and 4.96 are similar to each other but represent a major redesign of the Topaz system and have substantially improved ease of automation and ease of use, improved efficiency and even further reduced the amount of material needed. With the release of the new Topaz system, Fluidigm continues to set the standard in low-volume crystallization screening, which is having an increasing impact in the field of structural genomics and more generally in structural biology. It is likely that further optimization and increased utility of the Topaz crystallization system will emerge. It is also probable that further innovation and the emergence of competing technologies will be seen.

