Axonal signals in central nervous system myelination, demyelination and remyelination

Axonal signals are key players in central nervous system myelination. During development, the onset of myelination depends on a balance between positive and negative axonal signals. Among negative signals are inhibitory adhesion molecules that need to be removed from the cell surface for the myelination process to proceed. Positive signals necessary to initiate myelination consist of both interactions with specific adhesion molecules and electrical activity-induced release of promyelinating factors. In multiple sclerosis, demyelination induces major modifications of axonal surface components. The disruption of these factors might participate to the failure of the myelin repair process.