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Related Experiment Videos

Experiments with suspended cells on the Space Shuttle.

D R Morrison1, S K Chapes, J A Guikema

  • 1Biomedical Operations and Research Branch, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058.

The Physiologist
|February 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Spaceflight alters cell functions by changing the microenvironment, affecting cell attachment, hormone secretion, and immune responses. Further research is needed to understand microgravity

Area of Science:

  • Cellular physiology
  • Space biology
  • Microgravity research

Background:

  • Spaceflight experiments since 1981 indicate microgravity affects cellular functions.
  • Biophysical models suggest gravity's primary impact is on the cell's chemical microenvironment and molecular transport, not directly on membranes or organelles.
  • Previous experiments often involved suspended cells without medium exchange, potentially influencing outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of microgravity on various cell functions.
  • To explore potential mechanisms underlying observed cellular changes in space.
  • To inform future spaceflight experiments on cellular physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of spaceflight experiments conducted since 1981.
Keywords:
NASA Center JSCNASA Discipline Cell BiologyNon-NASA Center

Related Experiment Videos

  • Review of biophysical models concerning gravity's effect on cells.
  • Examination of flight results from suspended live cell cultures.

    • Main Results:

    • Increased attachment of anchorage-dependent human cells.
    • Reduced growth hormone secretion from pituitary cells.
    • Altered immune cell responses, including lymphocyte and macrophage activity.
    • Observed changes in prokaryotic cell proliferation and differentiation.

    Conclusions:

    • Microgravity significantly alters cellular functions, including attachment, secretion, and immune responses.
    • Potential mechanisms involve changes in cell-cell interactions, calcium transport, cytoskeleton, and receptor interactions.
    • Further research using advanced molecular methods and controlled environments is crucial for understanding microgravity's impact on cellular physiology.