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Related Experiment Videos

Gastric cancer: new genetic developments.

Henry T Lynch1, William Grady, Gianpaolo Suriano

  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA. htlynch@creighton.edu

Journal of Surgical Oncology
|May 17, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Gastric cancer (GC) incidence varies globally. This review explores the genetics of intestinal and diffuse GC types, including hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) linked to CDH1 mutations.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Gastric cancer (GC) incidence shows significant geographic variation, with higher rates in East Asia and South America compared to Western countries.
  • GC is classified into intestinal and diffuse types, influenced by environmental factors (intestinal) or genetic factors (diffuse).
  • Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a significant subset of diffuse GC, often linked to E-cadherin (CDH1) germline mutations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the genetics of intestinal and diffuse gastric carcinoma.
  • To discuss differential diagnosis, molecular genetics, and pathology of GC subtypes.
  • To examine the genetic transmission modes within families affected by GC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on gastric cancer genetics.

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  • Analysis of molecular biology of E-cadherin and associated genes.
  • Examination of histopathological classifications and genetic mutations.

    • Main Results:

    • The intestinal type of GC is associated with environmental factors and sporadic occurrences.
    • The diffuse type, particularly HDGC, is linked to CDH1 germline mutations, though two-thirds of HDGC families are CDH1-negative.
    • Beta-catenin gene (CTNNB1) mutations are predominantly found in intestinal-type GC.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the genetic basis of GC subtypes is crucial for diagnosis and management.
    • CDH1 mutations are key in HDGC, necessitating consideration for prophylactic gastrectomy in affected individuals.
    • Further research into candidate genes is needed for GC subtypes lacking CDH1 mutations.