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Persistence of fenitrothion in oranges and clementines after treatment with emulsifiable concentrate and

N Montemurro1, F Grieco, G Lacertosa

  • 1Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, CNR, I-70126 Bari, Italy. nicola.montemurro@ispa.cnr.it

Food Additives and Contaminants
|May 18, 2005
PubMed
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Fenitrothion residues persist in oranges and clementines for extended periods, with slow declines observed in fruit. Avoid repeated pesticide applications to prevent exceeding maximum residue levels.

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Chemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Food Safety

Background:

  • Fenitrothion is a widely used organophosphate insecticide.
  • Understanding pesticide residue decline is crucial for food safety and regulatory compliance.
  • Citrus fruits like oranges and clementines are common agricultural products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dissipation rate of fenitrothion residues in oranges and clementines.
  • To compare the residue decline patterns of emulsifiable concentrate and microencapsulated formulations.
  • To assess the persistence of fenitrothion on citrus fruit and leaves.

Main Methods:

  • Field study on oranges and clementines treated with two fenitrothion formulations (emulsifiable concentrate and microencapsulate).

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  • Residue analysis of fenitrothion in fruit and leaves over extended periods (up to 161 days).
  • Statistical analysis to determine significant declines in residue levels.

    • Main Results:

    • Fenitrothion residues remained high (0.4-0.8 mg kg(-1)) for at least 75 days in oranges and 50 days in clementines.
    • Significant residue decline was observed late in the study period (day 110 for oranges, day 78 for clementines).
    • Faster initial decline of fenitrothion was noted on leaves, particularly with emulsifiable concentrate formulations.

    Conclusions:

    • Fenitrothion exhibits poor degradability in citrus fruits, leading to prolonged residue persistence.
    • Repeated or uneven application of fenitrothion should be avoided to mitigate risks of exceeding regulatory limits.
    • The study highlights the importance of application timing and formulation type in pesticide residue management.