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Cracking in drying latex films.

Mahesh S Tirumkudulu1, William B Russel

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|May 18, 2005
PubMed
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Drying latex films with high glass transition temperature particles crack due to capillary stress. Van der Waals forces can also deform particles, leading to transparent films and predictable crack spacing.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Latex films with high glass transition temperature particles typically crack during drying.
  • Capillary stresses during drying can deform particles and induce in-plane tensile stresses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the cracking behavior of drying latex films.
  • Determine the role of particle size and interparticle forces in film deformation and cracking.
  • Calculate critical stress and crack spacing using established physical models.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental drying of latex dispersions with varying particle radii.
  • Observation of film morphology during drying.
  • Application of stress-strain relations and Griffith's energy balance for calculations.

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Main Results:

  • Drying films exhibited coexisting fluid dispersion, deformed sphere packing, and water-saturated regions.
  • Films with 95-nm particles developed tensile stress and transparency due to van der Waals forces, even without water.
  • Calculated critical stress and crack spacing generally agreed with experimental observations.

Conclusions:

  • Capillary stresses are a primary driver for cracking in drying latex films.
  • Van der Waals forces can significantly influence particle deformation and film properties.
  • Griffith's energy balance provides a useful framework for predicting film fracture.