Fundamentals of modern peptide synthesis

Muriel Amblard1, Jean-Alain Fehrentz, Jean Martinez

  • 1Laboratoire des Amino Acides, Peptides et Protéines-UMR-CNRS 5810, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France.

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Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
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Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

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Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
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