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Protective effect of aqueous garlic extract against naphthalene-induced oxidative stress in mice
Gülden Z Omurtag1, F Deniz Güranlioğlu, Ozer Sehirli
1Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) against naphthalene-induced oxidative changes in liver, kidney, lung and brain of mice. Balb/c mice (25-30 g) of either sex were divided into five groups each comprising 10 animals. Mice received for 30 days: 0.9% NaCl, i.p. (control); corn oil, i.p; AGE in a dose of 125 mg kg-1, i.p.; naphthalene in a dose of 100 mg kg-1, i.p. (dissolved in corn oil); and AGE (in a dose of 125 mg kg-1, i.p.) plus naphthalene (in a dose of 100 mg kg-1, i.p.). After decapitation, liver, kidney, lung and brain tissues were excised. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) were determined in the tissues, while oxidant-induced tissue fibrosis was determined by collagen content. Tissues were also examined microscopically. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase levels and blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations were measured for the evaluation of hepatic and renal function, respectively. MDA and GSH levels were also assayed in serum samples. In the naphthalene-treated group, GSH levels decreased significantly, while MDA levels, MPO activity and collagen content increased in the tissues (P<0.01-0.001), suggesting oxidative organ damage, which was also verified histologically. In the AGE-treated naphthalene group, all of these oxidant responses were reversed significantly (P<0.05-0.01). Hepatic and renal function test parameters, which increased significantly (P<0.001) following naphthalene administration, decreased (P<0.05-0.001) after AGE treatment. The results demonstrate the role of oxidative mechanisms in naphthalene-induced tissue damage. The antioxidant properties of AGE ameliorated oxidative organ injury due to naphthalene toxicity.
Insights
Aqueous garlic extract (AGE) protects against naphthalene-induced oxidative stress in mice organs. AGE reversed damage markers and improved liver and kidney function, highlighting its antioxidant benefits.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Pharmacology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Naphthalene exposure causes significant oxidative stress and organ damage.
- Oxidative mechanisms are implicated in naphthalene-induced toxicity.
- Antioxidant interventions may mitigate naphthalene's harmful effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the protective effects of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) against naphthalene-induced oxidative damage.
- To evaluate AGE's impact on oxidative stress markers in liver, kidney, lung, and brain tissues.
- To assess AGE's influence on hepatic and renal function following naphthalene exposure.
Main Methods:
- Balb/c mice were administered naphthalene (100 mg/kg) and/or aqueous garlic extract (125 mg/kg) for 30 days.
- Oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured.
- Collagen content, histological examination, and serum biomarkers (AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine) were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Naphthalene significantly increased MDA, MPO activity, and collagen content while decreasing GSH levels in tissues and serum.
- Histological examination confirmed naphthalene-induced organ damage.
- Co-administration of AGE with naphthalene significantly reversed these oxidative responses and improved hepatic and renal function parameters.
Conclusions:
- Naphthalene induces significant oxidative organ damage through oxidative stress mechanisms.
- Aqueous garlic extract exhibits potent antioxidant properties that ameliorate naphthalene-induced toxicity.
- AGE is a promising agent for mitigating naphthalene-induced oxidative organ injury.