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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players
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Psychology: red enhances human performance in contests.

Russell A Hill1, Robert A Barton

  • 1Evolutionary Anthropology Research Group, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3HN, UK. r.a.hill@durham.ac.uk

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Summary

Wearing red increases the chances of winning physical contests in humans, similar to its effect in animals. This suggests color influences competition and highlights the need to consider sportswear color for fair play in sports.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Human behavior
  • Sports science

Background:

  • Red coloration is a known signal of male quality and dominance in many animal species.
  • This signal is often linked to testosterone levels and sexual selection.
  • Artificial red stimuli can experimentally increase dominance in non-human animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if wearing red influences the outcome of physical contests in humans.
  • To explore the potential role of sexual selection in human color perception and response.
  • To assess the impact of sportswear color on fair competition in sports.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of contest outcomes across various sports.
  • Statistical examination of the correlation between wearing red and winning probability.
  • Comparison of human responses to color signals with findings in non-human species.

Main Results:

  • Wearing red was consistently associated with a higher probability of winning across multiple sports.
  • This finding suggests a parallel with non-human animals where red signals dominance.
  • The effect indicates that color can influence human physical contest outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Human response to color, particularly red, may be influenced by evolutionary sexual selection.
  • The color of sportswear is a factor that needs consideration for ensuring equitable competition in sports.
  • Further research into color psychology and its impact on athletic performance is warranted.