[Ivermectin].

Area of Science:

• * Parasitology and Tropical Medicine: Focus on neglected tropical diseases and their treatment.
• * Pharmacology: Investigating the efficacy and safety of ivermectin for various parasitic and non-parasitic conditions.

Context:

• * Ivermectin (Mectizan) has been pivotal in controlling Onchocerca volvulus since 1980, treating over 50 million annually via the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC).
• * Successful large-scale deployment relies on Merck's Mectizan Donation Program and community-centered distribution strategies.
• * Recent approvals and ongoing trials expand ivermectin's therapeutic applications beyond onchocerciasis.

Purpose:

• * To review the historical success and expanding applications of ivermectin in treating parasitic diseases.
• * To highlight ongoing research into ivermectin's efficacy against a broader spectrum of nematodes and ectoparasites.
• * To address safety concerns, particularly severe adverse events in Loa loa co-infected patients, and explore novel therapeutic uses.

Summary:

• * Ivermectin has demonstrated remarkable efficacy against Onchocerca volvulus, leading to widespread annual treatment of millions through community-based programs.
• * It is now used in combination with albendazole for lymphatic filariasis and approved for strongyloidiasis and scabies.
• * Current research investigates ivermectin's activity against various nematodes and ectoparasites, alongside its potential for non-parasitic diseases and understanding adverse event mechanisms.

Impact:

• * Significant reduction in the burden of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis in endemic regions.
• * Potential for new treatments for a range of parasitic infections and ectoparasitoses.
• * Advancement in understanding drug mechanisms, resistance, and safe application protocols for ivermectin.