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Related Experiment Videos

Electromagnetic parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterials.

D R Smith1, D C Vier, Th Koschny

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA. drsmith@ee.duke.edu

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|May 21, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Standard methods for retrieving electromagnetic properties from scattering parameters are valid for inhomogeneous metamaterials. A modified procedure ensures accurate results, especially for asymmetric unit cells, defining a distinct metamaterial regime.

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetism and Materials Science
  • Nanophotonics and Metamaterials

Background:

  • S-parameter retrieval is the primary method for characterizing metamaterials.
  • Metamaterials are inherently inhomogeneous, challenging effective medium approximations.
  • Phase variation across metamaterial unit cells deviates from rigorous effective medium limits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the validity of standard S-parameter retrieval for inhomogeneous metamaterials.
  • To develop a modified retrieval procedure for accurate electromagnetic property determination.
  • To distinguish the metamaterial regime from effective medium and photonic crystal regimes.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of scattering (S) parameters for finite-thickness metamaterial samples.
  • Application and modification of standard S-parameter retrieval algorithms.

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  • Analysis of electromagnetic properties (permittivity, permeability, refractive index, wave impedance) under varying unit cell symmetry.

    • Main Results:

    • Modified S-parameter retrieval yields physically reasonable electromagnetic parameters for inhomogeneous metamaterials.
    • A distinct metamaterial regime is identified where refractive index is rigorous, but wave impedance is approximate.
    • Symmetric unit cells require no modification to standard retrieval; asymmetric cells necessitate a periodic structure assumption.

    Conclusions:

    • Standard S-parameter retrieval methods can be adapted for inhomogeneous metamaterials.
    • A modified procedure is crucial for accurate characterization of asymmetric metamaterial unit cells.
    • The findings establish a robust framework for understanding and designing metamaterials.