Low- and high-frequency noise from coherent two-level systems
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Updated: Aug 18, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
Published on: May 30, 2014
Alexander Shnirman1, Gerd Schön, Ivar Martin
1Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Universität Karlsruhe, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Abstract:
Recent experiments indicate a connection between the low- and high-frequency noises affecting superconducting quantum systems. We explore the possibilities that both noises can be produced by one ensemble of microscopic modes, made up, e.g., by sufficiently coherent two-level systems (TLS's). This implies a relation between the noise power in different frequency domains, which depends on the distribution of the parameters of the TLS's. We show that a distribution, natural for tunneling TLS's, with a log-uniform distribution in the tunnel splitting and linear distribution in the bias, accounts for experimental observations.
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