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Related Experiment Videos

Gravity and the circulation: "open" vs. "closed" systems.

J W Hicks1, H S Badeer

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178-0224.

The American Journal of Physiology
|May 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Bernoulli's and Poiseuille's equations explain liquid dynamics. Combined, they realistically describe flow in tubes, considering viscosity and energy dissipation, crucial for understanding closed systems like circulation.

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Hemodynamics

Background:

  • Bernoulli's equation models nonviscous flow, relating pressure to gravity and acceleration.
  • Poiseuille's equation addresses viscous resistance and heat dissipation in fluid flow.
  • Realistically modeling tube flow requires combining both equations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the fundamental principles of liquid dynamics using Bernoulli's and Poiseuille's equations.
  • To differentiate the effects of gravity in open versus closed systems.
  • To explain energy requirements for flow in closed systems, such as the circulatory system.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Bernoulli's equation for nonviscous, steady streamline flow.
  • Analysis of Poiseuille's equation for viscous flow resistance.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparative analysis of open and closed systems, including the circulatory system.
  • Consideration of flow dynamics in collapsible tubes.

    • Main Results:

    • Bernoulli's equation links pressure, gravity, and kinetic energy, which are interconvertible.
    • Poiseuille's equation quantifies pressure drop due to viscosity.
    • Gravity's role differs significantly between open and closed systems.
    • In closed systems, external energy (e.g., cardiac pumping) is required to overcome resistance.

    Conclusions:

    • A combined approach using Bernoulli's and Poiseuille's equations provides a more accurate model of liquid flow in tubes.
    • Gravity does not impede flow in closed systems like circulation.
    • The heart's pumping action provides the necessary energy for circulatory flow.
    • Collapsible tubes exhibit altered flow dynamics due to pressure-dependent changes in cross-sectional area.