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Corrosion on spinal implants.

John S Kirkpatrick1, Ramakrishna Venugopalan, Preston Beck

  • 1Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. john.kirkpatrick@ortho.uab.edu

Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques
|May 21, 2005
PubMed
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Modular spine implants can corrode, especially stainless-steel types with rigid connections. Minimizing material dissimilarities and surface variations in spinal fusion implants is recommended to prevent fretting and corrosion.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Engineering

Background:

  • Modular spine implants are widely used to promote spinal fusion.
  • However, fretting and corrosion at the interfaces of modular components are significant concerns in the biological environment.
  • These issues can potentially compromise implant longevity and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the surface alterations, specifically fretting and corrosion, in retrieved modular spinal implant constructs.
  • To identify factors contributing to implant degradation and failure modes.

Main Methods:

  • Surface analysis using stereomicroscopy was performed on 48 spinal implant constructs from 47 patients.
  • Implants were categorized by material (stainless steel, titanium alloy, cobalt alloy) and construct rigidity.

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Main Results:

  • Stainless-steel implants (n=23) showed varying degrees of surface alteration, with rigid constructs exhibiting moderate to severe damage consistent with mechanically assisted crevice corrosion.
  • Titanium alloy implants (n=25) demonstrated no significant corrosion, but three constructs experienced fatigue failure of anchoring screws.
  • One cobalt alloy construct showed no signs of corrosion.

Conclusions:

  • The long-term clinical impact of fretting and corrosion in modular spine implants remains uncertain, but mitigation strategies are warranted.
  • Selecting modular components with similar materials and surface finishes may reduce localized degradation.
  • Stainless-steel implants, particularly those with rigid interconnections or dissimilar surface finishes between rods and connectors, are most prone to corrosion.